Scientific name: Lasiorhinus latifrons
Southern hairy-nosed wombat sleeping. Note that they have a hairy nose compared with
Bare-nosed wombats.
Description
The southern hairy-nosed wombat is the smallest of the three wombat species. As the name suggests, their broad flat snouts are covered in soft (usually white) fur, and other defining features include a large flattened head, pointed ears and soft fur. The body length ranges from 77 - 93 cm, and adults typically weigh between 19 - 32 kg.
Distribution
Southern hairy-nosed wombats are patchily distributed across south-eastern Western Australia, southern South Australia, and generally inhabit semi-arid and arid grasslands and woodlands.
Diet
The diet of the Southern hairy-nosed wombat comprises predominately perennial grasses, however they will also graze on herbs, roots, mosses and bark when their preferred food is unavailable.
General biology facts
Southern hairy-nosed wombats live in complex burrow systems, which can be shared by 5 to 10 individuals. They communicate primarily through scent marking and occasional vocalisations, such as grunts and coughs. The mating season of southern hairy-nosed wombats is between September and December. Females produce a single young, which lives in the pouch for 6 – 7 months. Southern hairy-nosed wombats typically live to around 14 years of age in the wild. Ageing wombats can be difficult, as their teeth continue to grow throughout their life, an adaptation to the tough and abrasive vegetation they feed on. Southern hairy-nosed wombats produce very dry faeces (water content as low as 40%), which helps them to conserve water in hot environments.
Conservation status
The southern hairy-nosed wombat is listed as Near Threatened under the IUCN. They are subject to threats such as sarcoptic mange, competition with introduced herbivores, fragmentation in parts of its range and drought.
Sarcoptic mange
Sarcoptic mange is an infectious disease caused by a pathogenic mite Sarcoptes scabiei, often with severe debilitating effects on wombats. Only sporadic outbreaks of mange have been documented in southern hairy-nosed wombats. This sporadic occurrence may be due to the hot, arid environments southern hairy-nosed wombats occur in, which is unfavourable for mites’ off-host survival. High mortality rates, however, may lead to major declines in small isolated populations.